Call Me When 3D Printing Becomes Practical

This was originally posted on 1/4/2013, but I'm still a skeptical grump about 3D printing.

Over the holidays I finally got around to reading Wired's effusive article about Makerbot and the coming 3D printing revolution. I get it: 3D printing is going to take over the world. It's going to eventually let me download a car, and that's very cool. But in the interim, 3D printing appears to be nothing more than a distraction.

I want to own useful, practical, and cost-effective things. Making a plastic belt buckle, or RC plane wing, or clothes hanger isn't terribly compelling. And sit-around items like action figures don't meet the practicality rubric. Even if I were interested in making these things, I wouldn't want them made of plastic. For most US consumers, plastic is a poor substitute for the metals and alloys that we have come to expect in quality consumer devices. The real clincher though, is the ready availability of superior substitutes. I'm busy enough that learning to use a CAD program to create a plastic sub-component of an equivalent metal device I can purchase in a fully functional form for $10 on Amazon just doesn't make much sense. And I'm guessing that I'm not alone here.

The revolution in 3D printing is going to come when disinterested folks like me can download, customize, and effortlessly create complex products from the comfort of my own home without having to become proficient in CAD software and the vagueries of 3D printing hardware.  Right now 3D printing is like the personal computer market in the late 80s; it has explosive growth potential and the possibility to disrupt our system of commerce right down the foundation, but it's all but inaccessible to anyone but engineers sporting the modern equivalents of pocket protectors.

I bothered to right this not to slam companies like Makerbot or tear down gushing writeups like the one I read in Wired. Makerbot is doing great work and Wired always gushes about new tech as though it will single-handedly bring about the singularity tomorrow. But until I can download that car I was talking about, articles about 3D printing are just distractions.

Effort and Reward: Correlation, Not Causation

A few weeks back I was watching The Queen of Versailles, which is an independent documentary about billionaire timeshare mogul David Siegel and his quest to build the largest house in America. At the beginning of the movie, the director interviews Siegel about how Westgate Resorts got it's start. He talked about how he founded the company when he was young and naive, worked like hell, and managed to grow the company to billions in sales. What struck me about his description was how similar it is to the way I describe working on my first startup, with one critical difference: Skritter is a tiny bit less less profitable.

This got me thinking about the nature of effort vs reward. It's a common misconception among entrepreneurs that the harder you work, the more successful you become. This workaholic mentality causes people to sideline important aspects of their lives to maximize a perceived chance to make it big. I believe that effort and reward are correlated. If your goal is to become a millionaire, you are far more likely to reach your goal working very hard on a bunch of ventures than if you stay at a job that allows you to relax and coast. The age old motto "God helps those that help themselves," seems true.

But the the amount of reward you enjoy for your effort is randomly distributed. If it weren't, David Siegel of Westgate fame would have had to work a thousand times harder/longer than someone whose startup makes $1M/yr. Since that clearly isn't possible in a normal human lifespan, I'm forced to conclude that there is a big component of luck involved in the rewards anyone reaps from their efforts.

Having a deep understanding of that fact is important because it helps workaholics like me from over-investing in work. The truth is that I probably stand about the same chance of retiring early from a new venture whether I pace myself or work 100 hour weeks. Effort is important for success, but marginal effort is just that, and it seems a horrible waste to labor under the delusion that another few hours of work will be the difference between a decent living and early retirement.

Let's Partner Into Prosperity

Most business partnerships are a waste of time. Guy Kawasaki says so, Paul Graham says so (see the section at the bottom), and I have learned from personal advice that both men speak truth. The thing is, partnering is most appealing and dangerous to a startup early on. In those critical months and years where credibility is scarce, partnerships seem to offer a quick path to legitimacy and (your partner will lead you to believe) wealth. So it's imperative to develop resistance and skepticism to partnership offers. But how?

Well, one method stumbled right into my lap recently. This is a spam message that I received last week:

"LET'S PARTNER INTO PROSPERITY:  Kudos!!! You've got a very good work going here. I've been contracted to develop a website and a phone application that can help people in a particular Country to learn their three different dialects. It's a multimillion $ Project to be funded by the Government. I understand that a lot of scamming bullshit is going on online but you won't need to spend a dime of yours, all we need is the service of a person that has the knowledge required which would be magnanimously remunerated. I don't know much about language software design, if you do or if you know anyone that can partner with me on this please mail me now without any delay: address@yahoo.com Do you have a website? If yes, what's your website? I'm waiting ... Success!!!"

It's got all the elements of a bad partnership: vague intentions, an appeal to the legitimacy of some large organization (the Government!), a nod to skeptics, and call to action. My advice to you: the next time someone proposes a partnership, simply tack "... Success!!!" to what they say to remind yourself that most partnerships are a waste of time. What's scary is that many seemingly legitimate partnership offers are more dangerous than this example because they lure you into wasting time on them. At least in this case I can just click delete and get on with my day.

Why You Can't Admit Personal Mistakes on the Internet

My uncle is an entrepreneur-turned-corporate executive and has achieved considerable career success in his life, which is just to say that he's imposing and has a track record of getting what he wants.

One summer between my junior and senior years of college he hired me to help landscape his lawn. Several weeks after I had started, I made a small mistake.

"Oh, sorry about that, I'll just --"

"George, never say you're sorry" he said.

"Sure, I just meant that --"

"I know what you meant, but never say sorry, it makes you appear weak. Instead of saying you're sorry, fix the problem." He paused for a moment, looking at me, and then went back inside.

His advice ran so counter to what I had been taught that it stuck in my memory. I had always been taught to admit mistakes and correct them, but here he was suggesting I skip the first step. I'm still not sure I agree with it completely, but like every good over-generalization it has a nugget of truth: admitting a personal blunder to someone who has no empathy for you is ill-advised. That summer was all about me becoming employable, so I'm pretty sure my uncle meant that I would appear weak to a boss or employer, but the rule holds doubly-true for internet readers.

In the past, I have been tempted to write blogs about my goof-ups. I have almost always decided not to write such posts, not for want of subject material, but because they don't have any upside for me or my company. In the best case, people will think I'm humble, in the worst case they will think I'm incompetent. Simply put, I'm not willing to risk being labeled the latter for the former. And neither should you.

Self-aware people admit failure to get constructive criticism and seek catharsis. You aren't likely to get either if you bare your soul to the anonymous masses on the internet by first saying "I'm sorry."

Hypothetical Number Inflation

I read a lot of Hacker News and it always strikes how big the numbers are in other people's blog posts. When people write about a big exit on HN, they talk about $100M not $500,000.

When I was in college, and especially when I was running my first startup, reading those articles made me feel like a failure. From what I could tell, the world was populated exclusively by companies "struggling" to break $10M in yearly sales, and founders learning how to manage similarly "modest" liquidity events.

Now that I've been blogging for a few years, I can say from experience that most of those numbers are bogus. Survivorship bias aside, bloggers suffer from what I like to call Hypothetical Number Inflation.

When I write about a topic, I want to make a point, and the point is very rarely to be realistic about ordinary business metrics. I might want to prove that the relationship between effort and reward is correlative not causative, or that bootstrapping your first business makes sense. These are opinions that I've thought through and believe, but it helps to rally some ballpark numbers to make the case.

And therein lies the problem: in the course of arguing a point, it behooves me as a writer to push my numbers to the logical extreme to avoid losing my readers to unrelated quantitative niggling.

If I want to provide an example of a successful business in a blog post, I want the example to be unequivocal. If I choose a number that's too low, the effect is like Dr. Evil asking for 1 MILLION dollars, readers stop and think "wait a minute, $1,000,000 isn't successful to me." When that happens, I lose that reader before they hear the entirety of my argument.

Since the HN crowd is so affluent (or at least says that it's affluent), writers that want to be taken seriously need to choose hypothetical numbers that boggle the mind and leave no doubt as to as to the writer's intent.

So, if you get frustrated when you read authors talking about "small" exists in the mid-8 figures or "low" executive compensation in the high 7 figures, remember that these numbers don't represent the median, but the extreme. Better yet, decide for yourself how many zeros constitute success or failure and ignore writers like me.